{"id":15,"date":"2016-07-03T11:37:15","date_gmt":"2016-07-03T11:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/?p=15"},"modified":"2020-05-16T15:27:43","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T13:27:43","slug":"kolonijas-vesture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/kolonijas-vesture\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolonijas v\u0113sture"},"content":{"rendered":"

Viskons\u012bna ir pavalsts ASV zieme\u013cos. T\u0101s galvaspils\u0113ta ir Medisona (Madison), citas lielas pils\u0113tas\u00a0\u2013 Milvoki (Milwaukee) un Gr\u012bnbeja (Green Bay).<\/p>\n

\"Wisconsin<\/a>

Viskons\u012bna ASV; Linkolnas apri\u0146\u0137is Viskons\u012bn\u0101.<\/p><\/div>\n

Ta\u010du Viskons\u012bnas latvie\u0161u st\u0101sts nesaist\u0101s ar lielpils\u0113t\u0101m. Pirms vair\u0101k nek\u0101 simt gadiem pavalsts zieme\u013cos latvie\u0161i nodibin\u0101ja koloniju un uzc\u0113la pirmo latvie\u0161u luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcu Amerik\u0101.<\/p>\n

Uz zieme\u013cu pavalst\u012bm dev\u0101s daudzi citi zieme\u013ceiropie\u0161i\u00a0\u2013 skandin\u0101vi, v\u0101cie\u0161i u.\u00a0c.\u00a0\u2013, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c ar\u012b latvie\u0161i no ASV austrumkrasta pils\u0113t\u0101m mekl\u0113ja m\u0101jas tajos apvidos.<\/p>\n

\"First<\/a>

Pirm\u0101 latvie\u0161u l\u012bdumnieku m\u0101ja Linkoln\u0101, 1897. gads<\/p><\/div>Raksti av\u012bz\u0113s \u201cAmerikas V\u0113stnesis\u201d (Bostona) un \u201cT\u0113vija\u201d (Jelgava) atspogu\u013coja diskusijas un domstarp\u012bbas par kolonijas tap\u0161anu un atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu, inform\u0113ja par eksped\u012bciju rezult\u0101tiem un izv\u0113l\u0113to apme\u0161an\u0101s vietu Viskons\u012bn\u0101, Linkolnas apkaim\u0113, Gl\u012bsonas un Bl\u016bmvilas tuvum\u0101.<\/p>\n

Kas ir veclatvie\u0161i?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

19.\u00a0gadsimta beig\u0101s daudz latvie\u0161u atst\u0101ja dzimteni un dev\u0101s pasaul\u0113 (uz Iek\u0161krieviju, Sib\u012briju, Zieme\u013c- un Dienvidameriku, Austr\u0101liju u.\u00a0c.), mekl\u0113dami lab\u0101ku dz\u012bvi\u00a0\u2013 savu zemes st\u016br\u012bti, personisku un politisku br\u012bv\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Visvair\u0101k latvie\u0161u non\u0101ca ASV. Pirmie imigranti apmet\u0101s austrumkrasta lielpils\u0113t\u0101s\u00a0\u2013 \u0145ujork\u0101, Boston\u0101, Baltimor\u0101 un Filadelfij\u0101. Da\u013ca palika pils\u0113t\u0101s, bet daudzi\u00a0\u2013 biju\u0161ie bezzemnieki un kalpi\u00a0\u2013 ilgoj\u0101s saimniekot pa\u0161i uz savas zemes. Vi\u0146i negrib\u0113ja pazaud\u0113t latviet\u012bbu un sakarus ar tautie\u0161iem, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c nol\u0113ma uzmekl\u0113t vietu, kur var\u0113tu nodibin\u0101t latvie\u0161u koloniju, k\u0101 to bija dar\u012bju\u0161i citu taut\u012bbu iece\u013cot\u0101ji Amerik\u0101.<\/p>\n

Latvie\u0161i iece\u013coju\u0161i ASV ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0101k\u00a0\u2013 pirms un p\u0113c Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara un p\u0113c Otr\u0101 pasaules kara (b\u0113g\u013ci). Latvie\u0161u iece\u013co\u0161ana ats\u0101k\u0101s p\u0113c Latvijas neatkar\u012bbas atg\u016b\u0161anas 20.\u00a0gadsimta 90.\u00a0gados un turpin\u0101s v\u0113l tagad. P\u0113c Otr\u0101 pasaules kara iebrauku\u0161ie latvie\u0161i agr\u0101kos iebrauc\u0113jus s\u0101ka saukt par veclatvie\u0161iem.<\/p>\n

Saimniecisk\u0101 dz\u012bve<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0113l pirms kolonijas dibin\u0101\u0161anas notika viedok\u013cu apmai\u0146a, vai kolonisti sp\u0113s iztur\u0113t l\u012bdumnieku dz\u012bves gr\u016bt\u012bbas Amerikas m\u016b\u017eame\u017eos. Neraugoties uz to, 1897.\u00a0gada beig\u0101s Linkoln\u0101 iece\u013coja pirmie kolonisti un s\u0101ka iepirkt zemi no zemes p\u0101rdo\u0161anas sabiedr\u012bbas \u201cViskons\u012bnas ielejas zemes firma\u201d jeb Wisconsin Valley Land Company.

\"Typical<\/a>

Tipiska latvie\u0161u m\u0101ja Linkoln\u0101<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Dz\u012bves uzs\u0101k\u0161ana m\u016b\u017eame\u017e\u0101 nebija vienk\u0101r\u0161a\u00a0\u2013 me\u017eu izcir\u0161ana un zemes iekop\u0161ana turpin\u0101j\u0101s v\u0113l gadu desmitiem p\u0113c kolonijas dibin\u0101\u0161anas. Vec\u0101k\u0101 paaudze joproj\u0101m atceras, k\u0101 b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101 s\u016bt\u012bti laukos izrakt akme\u0146us, lai var\u0113tu s\u0113t s\u0113klas. Viens no kolonijas iztikas avotiem pirmajos gados bija kokmateri\u0101lu p\u0101rdo\u0161ana, kas aps\u012bka p\u0113c me\u017eu izcir\u0161anas. V\u0113l\u0101k kolonisti s\u0101ka nodarboties ar lopkop\u012bbu un zemkop\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Zeme bija ra\u017e\u012bga, un 30.\u00a0gados kolonij\u0101 bija iekopti pla\u0161i lauki, labas gan\u012bbas, ier\u012bkoti ce\u013ci, bija ar\u012b elektr\u012bba un telefons. Kolonistiem pieder\u0113ja \u010detras tirgotavas un tr\u012bs pienotavas.<\/p>\n

Luter\u0101\u0146u draudze un bazn\u012bca<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cViskons\u012bnas ielejas zemes firma\u201d bija apsol\u012bjusi\u00a0\u2013 kad pirmie 25 zemes gabali b\u016bs nopirkti, vi\u0146i par br\u012bvu dos 40 akrus (1 akrs atbilst apm\u0113ram 0,405 hekt\u0101riem) bazn\u012bcas un kaps\u0113tas ier\u012bko\u0161anai. \u0160o sol\u012bjumu komp\u0101nija tur\u0113ja un 1900.\u00a0gad\u0101 pie\u0161\u0137\u012bra latvie\u0161iem \u0161o zemi. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 gad\u0101 35 latvie\u0161i nodibin\u0101ja Linkolnas latvie\u0161u kolonijas eva\u0146\u0123\u0113liski luterisko M\u0101rti\u0146a Lutera draudzi.<\/p>\n

\"Cemetery<\/a>

Kaps\u0113tas dibin\u0101\u0161anas akmens.<\/p><\/div>L\u012bdz 1902.\u00a0gada vidum Linkolnas apk\u0101rtn\u0113 bija iece\u013coju\u0161i 100 latvie\u0161i un 29 igau\u0146i, kas s\u0101kum\u0101 grib\u0113ja apvienoties vien\u0101 draudz\u0113. Ta\u010du tas neizdev\u0101s, un igau\u0146i nodibin\u0101ja pa\u0161i savu draudzi.<\/p>\n

Abas draudzes pieder\u0113ja Mis\u016bri sinodei, un l\u012bdz 1902.\u00a0gadam taj\u0101s kalpoja ce\u013cojo\u0161ais m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js Hanss Rebane, kur\u0161 bija dzimis Valkas tuvum\u0101. Vi\u0146a m\u0101te bija latviete, t\u0113vs igaunis, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c Rebane prata abas valodas. 1902.\u00a0gad\u0101 Mis\u016bri sinode nol\u0113ma, ka turpm\u0101k Linkolnas draudzi apr\u016bp\u0113s Kan\u0101das baltie\u0161u m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js Joans Sillaks. Linkolnie\u0161i par to noskuma, jo Rebane vi\u0146iem jau bija paz\u012bstams kop\u0161 1898.\u00a0gada, kad vi\u0146\u0161 notur\u0113ja pirmo dievkalpojumu Linkoln\u0101. Neraugoties uz sinodes l\u0113mumu, Rebane turpin\u0101ja apmekl\u0113t Linkolnu, kur vi\u0146am, p\u0113c Vi\u013ca Kanapka teikt\u0101, pieder\u0113ja zemes gabals. Ap 1910.\u00a0gadu draudz\u0113 s\u0101ka kalpot m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js Edvards Jurevics.<\/p>\n

Linkolnas latvie\u0161i (Kri\u017ea, L\u016bsis, Arders, Venceslavs un Sommers) pa\u0161u sp\u0113kiem uzb\u016bv\u0113ja savu bazn\u012bcu. Citi kolonisti (Kaucis, Urbans un Spro\u0123is) d\u0101vin\u0101ja dievkalpojumiem vajadz\u012bgos piederumus\u00a0\u2013 krustus, alt\u0101ra segas un traukus. <\/p>\n

\"Opening<\/a>

Linkolnas latvie\u0161u bazn\u012bcas atkl\u0101\u0161ana, 1906. gads<\/p><\/div>\n

Bazn\u012bcu atkl\u0101ja 1906.\u00a0gad\u0101. T\u0101 bija pirm\u0101 (un ilgus gadus vien\u012bg\u0101) latvie\u0161u b\u016bv\u0113t\u0101 bazn\u012bca ASV, jo latvie\u0161u draudzes pils\u0113t\u0101s savus dievnamus nec\u0113la, bet dievkalpojumus notur\u0113ja citu draud\u017eu bazn\u012bc\u0101s. <\/p>\n

30.\u00a0gadu s\u0101kum\u0101 dievkalpojumi Linkolnas bazn\u012bc\u0101 notika divreiz m\u0113nes\u012b. 1951.\u00a0gad\u0101 bazn\u012bcu sl\u0113dza, un p\u0113c desmit gadiem to nojauca. Palikusi tikai kaps\u0113ta, kur v\u0113l tagad tiek apbed\u012bti latvie\u0161i, tai skait\u0101 ar\u012b no Otr\u0101 pasaules kara b\u0113g\u013cu sabiedr\u012bbas no cit\u0101m Viskons\u012bnas pils\u0113t\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Bazn\u012bcas zvans p\u0113c \u0113kas nojauk\u0161anas p\u0101rg\u0101ja Mineapoles un Sentapolas latvie\u0161u draudzes \u012bpa\u0161um\u0101, bet alt\u0101ra krusts nok\u013cuva pie Milvoku Sv. Tr\u012bsvien\u012bbas draudzes. V\u0113l 21.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 krustu izmantoja Linkolnas kapu sv\u0113tkos, kuru trad\u012bciju 50.\u00a0gados gados atjaunoja m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js J\u0101nis Meistars. Bazn\u012bcas st\u016brakmens 2011.\u00a0gad\u0101 non\u0101ca biedr\u012bbas \u201cLatvie\u0161i pasaul\u0113\u00a0\u2013 muzejs un p\u0113tniec\u012bbas centrs\u201d \u012bpa\u0161um\u0101 Latvij\u0101.<\/p>\n

Sadz\u012bve<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaut gan latvie\u0161i un igau\u0146i nesp\u0113ja vienoties par kop\u0113ju bazn\u012bcas b\u016bvi, vi\u0146us vienoja krogu str\u012bdi ar viet\u0113jiem amerik\u0101\u0146iem, kuri bija d\u0113v\u0113ju\u0161i vi\u0146u koloniju par Krievu koloniju jeb Russian Settlement, par ko nacion\u0101li noska\u0146otie latvie\u0161i un igau\u0146i stipri apvainoj\u0101s.<\/p>\n

\"Forest<\/a>

Me\u017estr\u0101dnieki darb\u0101 Linkoln\u0101<\/p><\/div>Ne visi latvie\u0161i Linkolnas kolonij\u0101 apsaimniekoja savu zemes \u012bpa\u0161umu. Tur bija apmetu\u0161ies ar\u00ed me\u017estr\u0101dnieki, kas p\u0113c me\u017ea izcir\u0161anas Linkolnu atst\u0101ja un dev\u0101s t\u0101l\u0101k citos darbos.<\/p>\n

Kaut ar\u012b ofici\u0101li kolonija tika dibin\u0101ta k\u0101 latvie\u0161u luter\u0101\u0146u kolonija, laika gait\u0101 tur apmet\u0101s ar\u012b maza baptistu grupi\u0146a. Dedz\u012bg\u0101kie luter\u0101\u0146i nebija labv\u0113l\u012bgi pret baptistiem un ar aizdom\u0101m uzl\u016bkoja ar\u012b tos luter\u0101\u0146us, kas draudz\u0113j\u0101s ar baptistiem, jo ba\u017e\u012bj\u0101s, ka tie varot pie\u0146emt baptistu \u201cviltus m\u0101c\u012bbas\u201d.<\/p>\n

P\u0113c 1905.\u00a0gada kolonij\u0101 ien\u0101ca ar\u012b vair\u0101ki netic\u012bgie. Kolonisti bie\u017ei vien visus netic\u012bgos uzskat\u012bja par soci\u0101listiem. Soci\u0101listi tie\u0161\u0101m bija non\u0101ku\u0161i kolonij\u0101, ta\u010du lauksaimnieku vid\u016b vi\u0146u ietekme nebija liela, to atzina pat soci\u0101listu a\u0123itatori. Soci\u0101listu idejas lab\u0101ku atsauc\u012bbu guva me\u017estr\u0101dnieku vid\u0113.<\/p>\n

Plaisas Linkolnas latvie\u0161u sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 atspogu\u013cojas ar\u012b kaps\u0113t\u0101\u00a0\u2013 dedz\u012bg\u0101kie luter\u0101\u0146i bija apbed\u012bti bazn\u012bcas tuvum\u0101, netic\u012bgie\u00a0\u2013 \u201cpag\u0101nu kapos\u201d ce\u013cmal\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Latvian<\/a>

Linkolnas latvie\u0161u svin\u012bbas.<\/p><\/div>1903.\u00a0gad\u0101 latviete Em\u012blija Keikule, nok\u0101rtojusi tautskolot\u0101jas eks\u0101menus, s\u0101ka str\u0101d\u0101t viet\u0113j\u0101 skol\u0101. 30.\u00a0gadu s\u0101kum\u0101 visi kolonistu b\u0113rni g\u0101ja viet\u0113j\u0101s amerik\u0101\u0146u skol\u0101s, un m\u0101c\u012bbas latvie\u0161u valod\u0101 vairs nenotika.<\/p>\n

K\u0101du laiku Linkolnas kolonij\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ja ar\u012b latvie\u0161u bibliot\u0113ka. T\u0101s p\u0101rpalikumi 50.\u00a0gadu otraj\u0101 pus\u0113 glab\u0101j\u0101s Vi\u013ca Kanapkas lauku m\u0101j\u0101s. Turpm\u0101kais bibliot\u0113kas liktenis nav zin\u0101ms. <\/p>\n

Nav daudz inform\u0101cijas par latvie\u0161u tradicion\u0101lo sv\u0113tku svin\u012bb\u0101m kolonij\u0101. Boldera \u0123imenes p\u0113cte\u010di atceras J\u0101\u0146u svin\u012bbas\u00a0\u2013 kad viss alus bijis izdzerts, tad apk\u0101rt laidu\u0161i cepuri, lai sav\u0101ktu naudu jaunam alus pirkumam.<\/p>\n

Kolonijas noriets<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Liels \u0161\u0137\u0113rslis kolonijas att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101 bija tas, ka, iz\u0146emot jaun\u0101s \u0123imenes, kas iebrauca Linkoln\u0101 no austrumkrasta pils\u0113t\u0101m, vairums iebrauc\u0113ju bija vecpui\u0161i. Latvie\u0161u sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 tr\u016bka jaunu sievie\u0161u, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c v\u012brie\u0161iem n\u0101c\u0101s vai nu palikt vecpui\u0161os, vai ar\u012b mekl\u0113t sievas cittautietes. Pirm\u0101 paaudze cent\u0101s ar cittautie\u0161iem nesajaukties, ta\u010du n\u0101kamaj\u0101s paaudz\u0113s jaukt\u0101s \u0123imenes veidoj\u0101s arvien bie\u017e\u0101k. <\/p>\n

Jau kop\u0161 kolonijas dibin\u0101\u0161anas kolonistu jaun\u0101k\u0101s paaudzes devu\u0161\u0101s uz lielpils\u0113t\u0101m darba mekl\u0113jumos, visbie\u017e\u0101k uz \u010cik\u0101gu, Baltimoru un Milvokiem. Jaunie\u0161u aizie\u0161ana no kolonijas sevi\u0161\u0137i pieauga p\u0113c Otr\u0101 pasaules kara. Jaunas \u0123imenes kolonij\u0101 neveidoj\u0101s, un t\u0101s iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaits samazin\u0101j\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Pa\u0161laik v\u0113l tur dz\u012bvo tikai da\u017eu \u0123ime\u0146u p\u0113cte\u010di, bet ir ar\u012b gad\u012bjumi, kad p\u0113c akt\u012bv\u0101s darba dz\u012bves beig\u0101m latvie\u0161i atgrie\u017eas dzimtaj\u0101 apri\u0146\u0137\u012b pavad\u012bt pensijas gadus. M\u016bsdien\u0101s Linkoln\u0101 tikpat k\u0101 neviens vairs nerun\u0101 latviski, ta\u010du vec\u0101k\u0101 paaudze v\u0113l prot nodzied\u0101t \u201cKur tu teci, gail\u012bti mans\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viskons\u012bna ir pavalsts ASV zieme\u013cos. T\u0101s galvaspils\u0113ta ir Medisona (Madison), citas lielas pils\u0113tas\u00a0\u2013 Milvoki (Milwaukee) un Gr\u012bnbeja (Green Bay). Ta\u010du Viskons\u012bnas latvie\u0161u st\u0101sts nesaist\u0101s ar lielpils\u0113t\u0101m. Pirms vair\u0101k nek\u0101 simt gadiem pavalsts zieme\u013cos latvie\u0161i nodibin\u0101ja koloniju un uzc\u0113la pirmo latvie\u0161u luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcu Amerik\u0101. Uz zieme\u013cu pavalst\u012bm dev\u0101s daudzi citi zieme\u013ceiropie\u0161i\u00a0\u2013 \u2026<\/p>\n

Continue reading<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-15","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vesture","tag-featured","post_format-post-format-image"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/LinkolnasBaznica_LaPaMuzejaKrajums-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7GTwj-f","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15\/revisions\/128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viskonsina.lapamuzejs.lv\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}